POCKET FARRIER 

FOR THE CARE AND TREATMENT OF 

HOKSES, CATTLE AID DOGS, 

PLAINLY DESCRIBING 

Diseases to which They are Subject, the Causes, 
Symptoms, and Proper Treatment; 

ALSO, 

Management in Cases of Accident ; 

BRIEFLY DIGESTED FROM THE MOST APPROVED 

practice in european veterinary 
institutions/as condensed by 

ALEX!^ ROHM, V. S. 

REVISED, WITH EMENDATIONS, BY ANOTHER HAND. 
TO WHICH IS PREFIXED 

Indications of a Sound and Well Formed Horse; 

also, Views upon the Best Formation of the Udder in the 

Dairy Cow, and the Points Exemplified in both 

HEIFER AND BULL. CALVES. 



BRISTOL, PA. 

WM. BACHE, PUBLISHER. 

1874. 



: _:L .. . .__ ._ ;_ __ __ _- -:i_r__^ ■ 51^ 

TO ItEIlP' YODR HARNESS SOFT AND GLEAN, :^ 
USE 

BAOIE'S LEATHER REBtOBER. : 

Farmers who would save their 8hoe Bills, keep their feci dry. and . 
* av(.>id colds, will 



Use Bache^s Leather Eestorer« 

md their Families, before walking- thnragh the v 
of their headlands, or alK)iit the'^farni, should 

Use Bache's Leather Kestorer. 



BAOHE'S LEATHER RESTORER 

will f'often your fine hoots if they are hard from exposure — and 
boots when worn ' foxy' or red, arc restored to their original color. 

Boots treated with this valuable preservative, on being blacked 
over the dressing, will take polish better than when applied over 
other leather lubricators ; at the same time, the Bestorer vv^iil keep 
leather In a soft and pliable condition much longer thon any other 
[>!-eparation for like purpose known to the proi)rictors . 



LADIES, if your kid boots have worn purple or rough, 
Use Bache's Leather Restorer, 

It will make them look equal to new, v/ear longer, and when we!! 
applied v.iil not soil tlie skirts. 

Millers, Machinists, &c., to keep your mill belts plia- 
ble, without stretchuig, nothing' else equals 

Bache's Leather Restorer. 

IrffFor a sample packet of Bache's Leatlier Kestorer, (by the 
trial of V7hich may be tested the truthfulness of all that is 

;'•■'■ ve claimed,) send 10 cents to 

B. F. BACKE & CO., Manufacturers, 

Bristol, Pa. 
S^^^ Dealers and Stable-Keepers, send your business card for 
'.srice list and siun])]e. 

J. M:llMffi, 

PRACTICAL BLACKSMITH AND HORSE-SHOER, 

Rear ot Otter and above Linden vSt., Bristol. 

Horse-Slioeing, Jobbing, and Carriage repairing ; and all woi k 

iru;i!Mnteed lo I'c first class. FaniK'rs. -rive us u call. 



3!C 



i; E. G. HAREISON, 

'eEAL estate & INSUKANCE 

il AGENT, 

Surveyor and Conveyancer, 

|i 44 Mill St., Bristol, Pa. 112 S. 4th St., Phila., 

jl and Hulmeville, Pa. 



No. 44 Mill St., Bristol, Pa. 

SPECIAL LETTER-PRESS WORK. 

Statements ; Note, Letter and Bill Heads ; Cards ; 
Constitutions, Pamphlets, Circulars; 
Paper-Books executed in conformity with latest style ; 
Justices and other Legal Writs printed to order and 

supplied on application. 
ORDERS executed with neatness, accuracy, dispatch. 

WM. BACHE. I 
Publication Room of the '' Pocket Farrier." i 

"^ aTfTyoung, I 

No. 46 Mill Street, Bristol, Pa., | 

REAL ESTATE 

AND GENERAL INSURANCE 

AGENT. I 



EDW'D B. BROWN, 
Carriage Painter and Trimmer, 

I Otter St., below Bath, Bristol, Pa. 

Carriages neatly paluted and trimmed at reasonable pri'jes. 
• All work warranted, and promptly attended to. 



3 



POCKET FARRIER 

FOR THE CARE AND TREATMENT OP 

HORSES, CATTLE AND DOGS 

PLAINLY DESCRIBING 

Diseases to which They are Subject, the Causes, 
Symptoms, and Proper Treatment; 

ALSO, 

Management in Cases of Accident; 

BRIEFLY DIGESTED FROM THE MOST APPROVED 

PRACTICE IN EUROPEAN VETERINARY 

INSTITUTIONS, AS CONDENSED BY 

ALEX. ROHM, V. S. 

REVISED, WITH EMENDATIONS," BY ANOTHER HAND. 



I). 



TO WHICH IS PREFIXED 



Indications of a Sotmd and Well Formed Horse; 

also, Vie-ws upon the Best Formation of the Udder in the 

Dairy Cow, and the Points Exemplified in both 

HEIFER AND BULL CALVES. 



BRISTOL, PA. /UdC/oB- 

WM. BACHE, PUBLISHER. 
1874. 



.ffl 



Ehtfeiped accordiiig to Act of Congress j in the year 18'?4, by 

WILLIAM BACHEj 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington j Di Ci 



POINTS FOR ASCERTAINING THE AGE 

AND 

VIEWING THE CONDITION OF HORSES. 



For Age. — In the colt there is a distinct cavity in all 

the milk teeth, which gradually decreases and becomes 

obliterated till about the time they are supplanted by the 

second set. There are 

At 6 Mos. OLD, 6 incisors and 13 grinders, (3 on each side of the 
upper and lower jaw) . 

" 1 YEAR OLD, two permanent grinders are added to each jaw, (16 
in all). 

" 2 TEARS OLD, the front teeth have their cavities filled up, as 
horses of 8 years old, while they lose their milk grinders 
in each jaw. 

" 2>^ OR 3 YEARS OLD, they cast their front incisors, and soon 
thereafter the two next, 

" 4 TEARS OLD, new grinders appear, 6 on each side ; and soon 
afterward the two corner teeth of the incisors make ap- 
pearance ; next the full set of tushes, when they are no 
longer considered as colts. 

" 5 YEARS OLD, (now having a full set of second or adult teeth,) 
a black colored cavity will immediately appear in the 
center line of the lower incisors. 

" 6 YEARS OLD this black cavity disappears in the two middle 
lower teeth, and 

** 7 YEARS OLD the cavities of the next two are filled up ; the 
tushes also become worn and blunted ; and 

" 8 YEARS OLD the two corner teeth present the same blunted ap- 
pearance. 

*' 10 YEARS OLD the cavitics in the upper front teeth become like- 
wise obliterated and the tushes rounded ; and thereafter 
the incisors gradually commence to project outwardly, 
and the animal ranks as an old horse. 

For DEFECTS, the <' Symptoms" of External Diseases, 
as explained in this '* Pocket Farrier," are amply in- 



4 INSPECTION OF HORSES. 

structive for acquiring knowledge tvhicli will enable tlig 
examiner to determine the general soundness of a horse. 

A short-backed horse, having the ribs close to the hips, 
is generally supposed to keep in good condition upon less 
feed than such as are long-flanked, while the latter are 
usually found to be the faster upon the road, especially 
if the shoulder is somewhat buried or hidden and slants 
backward. Still, some quick moving horses, and among 
these at least one of notoriety (Messenger), have presented 
a reverse, or projecting, conformation of shoulders. 

For Soundness.*— In examining for soundness, it mug-t 
be borne in mind that even some young horses have wind- 
galls and other sprains arising from neglect in shortening 
their fore hoofs, when necessary, before being broken 
and put to work.— See " Hoofs of Colts," page 17. 

In BIDDING for a horse, he should first be watched and 
inspected In the stable, for such vices as crib-biting, for 
chronic cough, and such affections as are more readily 
shown when at the manger. Examine the £yes for de- 
fects, cataracts, blemishes, and for inflammation ; the 
NOSTRILS, for tumors and discharges indicating disease; 
the BREATHING for broken wind, roaring and grunting ; 
the SHOE for signs of cutting; the haunch bones for 
fracture, lameness ; the throat for marks of a crib-biting 
strap; the teeth for marks of crib-biting and for agej 
the glands of the lower jaw for ulceration, puffiness ; the 
withers for enlargement or for bruises ; the shoulders 
for tumors, abrasions, sprains; the knees for swellings 
and blemishes; the shank for splent and sprain; the 
fetlocks for enlargement, windgalls, and signs of old 
hurts leaving defects ; the pasterns for ringbone ; the 
foot for thrush, corns, sandcrack, founder, contortion; 
the STIFLE for enlargement ; the hock for capped hock, 
curb, thorough-pin, bone and bog spavin ; the groin and 
SCROTUM for rupture and swelling ; the action for style 
of movement, balkiness, for lameness, stringhalt, palsy, 
shivering, staggers. 



MILCH MIRRORS IN COWS. 



INSTRUCTION. 
Escutcheon (Mirror). — The form of the udder and also the set-on 
of the abdomen hair, distinct from the ordinary body hair, as 
it runs in the better class of milking stock, It begins at a line 
from before the front quarters of the bag and runs backward 
and upward to and around the vulva, while in front of the 
forward teats (in better stock) it makes a dividing line with 
the body hair> and sets toward the animal's head. 
Abdomen View of Udder, — The udder ts viewed as constituting 
two divisions and four quarters — the two hind and the two 
fore quarters : these latter are designated "abdomen teats,'* 
Points of Milking Stock. — Depth in flank, particularly incident 
with a wedge-shaped carcass, not universal, as cows with a 
vertical mirror (narrow and long,) other points being unex, 
ceptionable, have proved first class milkers, but perhaps 
more expensive keepers , However, the body of the cow should 
be rather short than long ; the udder squarely set on, and 
prominent in the abdomen quarters as well as in the rear ; — . 
teats large, full, uniform ; best stock 3 to 3 exits for milk- 
flow ; milk veins prominent, and in front dividing and branch- 
ing off; udder soft, loose, yielding, quite shrunken after being 
emptied, 
BEVERSE, — Vertical mirror in the rear, and abdomen quarters 
running up sharp or concave ; all down-running hair under- 
neath abdomen and inside the thighs ; small and not uni- 
formly shaped teats ; udder convex and narrow between the 
thighs ; body long, bony, yet not large, especially in the rear, 
X^W There are other points, perhaps of minor significance espe- 
cially among stock fanciers, which may be overlooked by 
practical dairymen. For milking qualities, it is safer to judge 
a cow by the shape of her udder, &c,, rather than by its sizCj 
especially in viewin.g her mirror when the udder is filled. 
HEIFER AND BUlili CALVES, alike, display the points of qual- 
ity they possess, and may be ascertained on inspection before 
being made ready for slaughter, or otherwise being retained 
for the general improvement of dairy stock. But in all Bulls 
the back escutcheon is always shorter than in parallel cows, 
while the width between each of the embryo tea,ts is greater^ 
A* 



6 MILK MIR ROES LV COWS-^ 

In judging the*milkrhg capacity of a cow, experts have 
depended solely upon results of observation and compa- 
rison, unaided by any well established proximate causes- 
There is, we believe, but one theory of selection — that of 
Francis^ W. Guenon — im determining the- value of dairy 
stock.. Paechall Morris^ Editor of the Practical Farmer, 
(who. i»esteemed^good authority and an accomplislied judge- 
©f milking stock,.) adverting to^Guenon's,sy,atem, wrote: 

"This- system was- pretty fully invest%ated years ago by a com- 
mittee of the leading agricultural society in Fraiice, at the sugges- 
tion of its discoverer, M. Guenon.. A laisge number of cows were 
examined under various circumstances,, to test the truth or falsity 
of the theory, and the report made was highly f&rvorable.. Although 
it is incomprehensMe w>hat ooanectionithese marks oa^the'escutcheoa 
have on the milk. producing properties of the cow, .the fact that there 
is some connection is sufficient for the practical farmer. A commit- 
tee of the Philadelphia Society for Promx)ting" Agriculture also ex- 
amined a large number of covv9,.and made a ikvorable- report. Many- 
of our best dairy farmers in this section now select their cows by it,., 
and the fact that these marks are developed in a young calf, indi- 
cating whether it is worth raising for milk or butter or both, is o£' 
the greatest im-portanee."' 

A practical and' one of the most observant and suc- 
cessful breedbrs of dairy stock, Charles L. Sharpless, of" 
Philadislphia, in 1869 furnished to the Practical Farmer 
two diagrams of escutcheons — one of a first quality milcb 
heifer, the other of a young bull — drawn from actual 
measurements. They are instructive, as. affording data in 
making up general Judgment., He has also made close- 
examination of the embryo teats- in bull and heifer calves,, 
with the view of determining such as give most promise 
as breeders, and milkers, or otherwise to go to the butcher. 
Where such premises are reliable and well taken, it cannot 
but lead, the way to great improvement in dairy stock. 

Heretofore (so far as Guenon' s system goes,) in buying. 
or rearing a cow, the examination was confined to the 
rear mirror, and if up- to his. standard- the animal was set 
down as. choice ; but how frequently is. it, that such cows, 
well developed in the hind quarters of the udder, are de- 
ficient milkers in the abdomen teats, and. consequently 
fail to- give more milk than ordinary cows.. Mr. S.'s ob- 
servations have persuaded him that the uddeir should be 
squarely developed underneath- — that the forwaM. quarters 



miLK MIRRORS IN COWS. 



should also be full and panomiaenty and the abdomen teats: 
set on 5, 6, to 8 inches from the forward line of the udder 
from which it connects cm* depends from the carcass. — 
AlsD the relative position and distances apart of the teats, 
be believes, may be, true indicators of mdlking capacity, 
ajid which too^ may be discerned in botlv raale and female- 
calves. . Mr,. S. says:, 

" There are four distinct quarters of the ucftfer, and you will fin(J 
some COAKS with large rear mirror rxA large flow from the hiodquar-. 
ters, that yet fr/on\tlie cut-up or concaAre character. of. the fpr.e quar-. 
ters of the udder, are only ordinary mjlkjers. You will £ekI, too, that 
some with poor rear- mirrors and smalt ^ield fuom the hind quarters, 
©f the udder, yet have such convex and capacious fore-quarters as- 
to fully compensate for their apparent deficiency in the rear." 

Mr. Sharpless, in 1872, in an interesting '* Essay on the- 
Jersey Cow," (illustrated^) published by Messrs. Porter & 
Coates, Phila., makes the. following explanation:. 

" To those not familiar with the meaning of mirror or escutcheon,, 
it may be well. to say^thai the iiprunning hair in the rear of a cow,, 
on and between the thighs ^represents the mirror. This uprunning 
can be easily- seen or ftlt, being in marked contrast with the body or 
down-running hais-;. the mirro 15- terminates at the- outside of the 
tihigh in, a curl orcoAvlick,. In, some cases there is another curl ^ 
about thriCe inches below the upper one." 

In the; following outlines are given average distances, 
between the teats of heifers and bulls between 10 and 12. 
months old, according to Mr..SJs,plan of showing. 

The scored lines indicate the dividing line of body hair;. 




EXTRA CHOTCE 



oatEa-NAH-r.. 



For making- inspection Mr.. S^.. gives instruction!,, viz :: 
" If, when the hair {& short,, you lay over on its back any youn^ 
heifer or bull, you -vvilli fijcil the< abdoflaetk mirror very distinctly de-- 
fijQfid.. In the bujl there ace in fteift of the scrotum the teats and- 
mirror as clearly marked as in the heifer. In him this indicates* 
not only what he would have beeuiif a heifer, but also the character 
of mirror, the size and distances apart of the teats, etc., that he> 
-srill transmit to his^ daughters J' 



B MILK MIRRORS IN COWS. 

Side Views. — Intended to outline the fore quarters. 





Best conformation— level ^ or 
square udder— perfection.. 



Concave^ or cut-up — rear quar- 
ter teats unpromising.. 



V 





/ 



Badly-shaped udders^ and udders with deficient or objectionable teats.. 

Miles A. Collins, a long experienced breeder and dealer 
in milch stock, in the West, who had made a study of F. 
M. Guenon's system when a youth, gave to the public 
through the Prairie Farmer, in May, 18.73, his notations, 
of points for dairy purposes, which are here copied : 

'^' 1^ A good, strong constitution. ; showing thrifty a hearty feeder,, 
with ability tadigest whatever food she may choose or can get to eat.. 

" 2. Fine limbs with light head,, horns and ueck ; straight back ; 
Kght, slim tail,, with heavy hind quarters — making a wedge-shaped 
asimal, — with a thick, soft, movable' hMe v 

"3. The milk mirror, which should show cot less than, two false 
teats, with a wide streak of fine,, soft hair running from the bag; 
upwards to. the talk 

"4.. A kind, gentle disposition, with plenty of life, bright eyes^ 
j^ayful and active — still not vicious. (Let me say here that vicioua 
cows are mostly made so by bad treatment.) 

" 5.. The bag should pitch forward,^ holding the same position ta 
the body that a single shovel plo-w does to. the beam,. The smaller 
the bag is after milking^ the better.. The milk veins should run as. 
far forward as possible The larger the orifice in the teats the bet-, 
ter. This can. be felt in heifers before they commence to give milk." 

u * * * * If tjjg (.^jf jj^g f^y^J^^ good teats, besides the two false 
ones — (I have seen four false ones,) — with a streak of fine soft hair- 
extending the length of the udder, said calf will certainly make an. 
average milch cow, and stand a good chance of making an extra^ 
one. In stock noted for milking qualities the male will show thft 
same signs v" 



POCKET FARRIER. 



GENERAL REMARKS. 

For convenience of reference, Alex. Romm, V. S., 
the designer of this key to veterinary practice, ingenious- 
ly condensed the most approved course of practice, as it 
were, Mn a nut-shell,* not only defining the causes, symp- 
toms and treatment ill veterinary medication, but also 
giving therewith a full schedule of recipeS) adapted to 
all cases of ordinary disease or accident. The whole 
theme will be found under the classifications, viz : 

1. External or Local Diseases ; 

2> Internal Diseases. 

3. A Numbered Formulary for Medication. 

Among the prime causes of disease in animals is un- 
healthy, ill ventilated, impure and neglected stabling. A 
dry and sufficiently lighted stable is essential ; while a hot, 
moist, darkened, damp stable is most pernicious, and en- 
genders lassitude, general debility, disease. A writer in 
the (late) ''Journal of the Farm," Phila,, says.: " Dis-. 
eases of the eye in horses may, in many cases, be traced tc^ 
the wretched custom of confining animals in dark stables^ 
Any one who has been for some time in a dark room, 
knows what the effect is of earning suddenly ow.t hito the., 
bright sunlight. The horse is no less s&nsftive ; beng him. 
suddenly out, and you notice that he s^tu:ft>bles against al-. 
most everything that is in his, way, a^nd. steps: vyit-h the ut-. 
most uncertainty. This blundering is uQt tlie fault of the. 
poor beast, but of his owner, ^ The eye must gradually- 
become • accustomipd, t9 the change, D9,rkened stables^ 
cannot fail eventually tq be disastrous to the eyesight/' 

ThQ effluvia arising i» stables has- puz^zled- ^he^ h\i«aane< 
seekers after some sanatary preventive 6r saethod of avpidK 
ftnce, /without any certain means being devised to over-. 
QQiii^^Qr avert this great eyih^ \{s diffusion ijiay be^ hQ\s;'v 



10 IMPURE STABLES AND FEED. 

ever, greatly if not entirely arrested, by paying attention 
to a little simple instruction, to wit : Haul from a mill and 
set aside for use a bushel or two of sawdust : procure, as 
wanted, two or three ounces of sulphuric acid ;* fill an old 
chip basket or open-sided thing that may be suspended, with 
the sawdust, and pour upon it sufficient of the acid, diluted, 
to moisten it through. This will absorb the ammonia and 
form and collect sulphate of ammonia (a very valuable 
manure) ; and the process may be renewed as often as it 
seems to be necessary. The ingredients, remember, must 
be proportioned as i of the acid to 30 or 40 of water. 

Foul, damp or burnt hay, and impure grain, when fed, 
are prolific causes of affections of the bladder, bowels, 
and urinary organs ; also inducing inflammation. 

Salt and lime have long been in vogue for protecting hay 
from mould, must and vegetative spores; still, objection 
has been moderately raised against their use, more espe- 
cially on the plea that sulphur affords a better preservative. 
Its application is certainly simpler and generally more con- 
veniently at hand ; and it may be one against which ob- 
jection cannot be raised. D. Stewart, M.D., of Delaware, 
we believe, two or three years since, was the first to propose 
brimstone as a substitute. He notes that in the West In- 
dies, sulphur in minute quantities is used to fumigate sugar 
hogsheads, to prevent fermentation. Sulphur, he says, 
*' is the specific food of clover, and wild animals congre- 
gate at the sulphur springs annually to substitute its salts 
for sea salt." A few tea-spoonsful of flowers of sulphur 
will protect a whole mow from becoming musty, and hence 
will assist to prevent all crops that are housed from fermen- 
tation. The Doctor says, " Sulphur or brimstone may be 
safely diffused through a large barn for one-seventh part of 
one cent, in seven minutes, by a boy of seven years — 
either as vapor of sulphur, or sublimed sulphur, or gaseous 
sulphur, or as sulphurous acid." In other words, a little 

* Sulphuric acicl (which is also known as vitriol, or oil of vitriol,) 
is a very corrosive liquid, and must therefore be handled .very cau- 
tiously. Of course It is poisonous. When required for the purpose 
above mentioned, it ought to be diluted at once, as it is much more 
easily kept in that state. 



BLANKETING HORSES. 11 

©i^dinary sulphur or brimstone may be sprinkled on a 
heated shovel and thus Vaporized, or it may be burnt and 
so diffused through the building in the form of sulphurous 
acid gas. No cattle should be left in the barn while such 
fumigation is going on* 

Bran and barley are a good Stimulating diet for sick ani» 
mals, given with discretion, but fed too freely, will relax 
the bowels unduly, and induce weakness. In the bran of 
both rye and wheat is locked up much the larger propor* 
tion of albumen contained in the kernel of grain, a pro* 
portion of three to one of potassa and phosphoric acid, 
and about four times that of lime and magnesia : and 
herein rests both its value as a means of nutrition and its 
restorative agency in the case of sick and convalescent 
animals. Its tendency to induce laxativeness, however, 
should restrain from its immoderate use, requiring it to be 
sparingly fed. A heaped table -spoonful of powdered chalk 
stirred in a little water and incorporated with 15 or 20 
pounds of bran mash, will sufficiently arrest its laxative 
action, and enable larger proportions of this nutricious 
diet to be allowed. 

The Way to Blanket Hors£s.— -But few persons 
comparatively understand how to apply a blanket to a 
horse to prevent him from contracting a cold. Says the 
Editor of the " Practical Farmer)" Phila: '' We frequent- 
ly see the blanket folded double and across the nmip and 
a part of the horse's back, leaving those parts which re- 
quire protection exposed to the cold. The parts of the 
body of a horse which surround the lungs require the ben- 
efit of a blanket in preference to the flanks or rump. — 
When we are exposed to a current of cold air, to guard 
against contracting cold, we shield our shoulders, neck, 
chest and back. If these parts be protected, the lower 
jpart of the body will endure a degree of cold far more 
intense, without any injury to the body, than if the lungs 
Vvere not kept warm with suitable covering. The same 
thing holds good in the protection of horses. The blanket 
should cover the neck, withers and shoulders, and be 
brought around the breast and buttoned or buckled to- 



12 DEVICES IN SHOEING. ' 

gether as closely as a man buttons his overcoat when about 
to face a driving storm." 

After fast driving or working a horse, he should never 
stand bathed in sweat : inattention to covering is danger- 
ous to the health of the animal, and one of the most fruit- 
ful originators of disease and constitutional debility. A 
horse will take cold almost as readily as man, when heated. 
In winter time clean their feet when the hoofs are pressed 
with snow and ice. Being left to stand in this condition is 
one of the causes of foundering and rheumatic lameness, 
and may greatly damage and even ruin a horse. 

When horses have been long standing in the stable 
without work, especially in winter, it is well to give them a 
little physic ; it is good for the digestive organs. Six 
drams of aloes are generally used for a ball. For a full 
operation in a horse it usually takes twenty to twenty-four 
hours, and treatment as laid down in this ' * Pocket Far- 
rier," given in doses which may be repeated or changed 
within every forty-eight hours, as indicated by the symp- 
toms, will be found curative : always observing to give the 
animal proper rest. It is, however, in place here to say, 
that as a general thing, animals should never be physicked 
unless its requirement is well indicated, or for some known 
disorder, impaired constitutional habit, or in cases of hurt 
and bad accidents. 

Devices in Shoeing. — The term ''farriery" has an 
antecedent meaning to that for which it is now more 
closely confined, and the professional horse-shoer was a 
craftsman of mark, one singled out for that particular 
work; and much vantage ground, we opine, has been 
lost in later times in not strictly adhering to the old 
practice as a specialty. Among the modern devices for 
protecting the frog, supporting the sole, and relieving 
defects and weaknesses, two or three may be noticed. 

I. The ''Bar Shoe," to relieve the heels when they 
are weak or injured. This device (we think) originated 
with V. Sur. Charnier of Paris, and consists of " a ring 
or annular plate of metal which increases the surface of 
contact by resting, to a large extent, upon the frog." — 



DEVICES IJ^ SHOEIJVG. 13 

This assists that tender organ to do its part of weight- 
bearing, especially in cases where an ignorant smith has 
cut away the external crust quite or almost to the quick. 
Every one who has broken off or cut too close a finger 
or toe nail, experiences but to a moderate extent the 
painfulness his horse may suffer in the loss of protection 
nature has provided in the outer shield of the frog. 

2. The *' peri-planter," or rim-grooved shoe, of Sur- 
geon Charnier, is quite light and a foot-strengthener, 
having a raised external rim. A groove is cut around 
the horn with a gouge devised therefor, into which the 
raised plate or rim is to be neatly socketed. In this shoe 
the frog as well as the sole may be left unpared, but the 
groove must be shallower than the thickness of the sole 
and narrower than the thickness of the wall. The ordi- 
nary nail will not answer for this shoe : they must be very 
small, well formed of good metal, and have a conical 
head and neck — for horses of heavy work six nails, and 
for light, four will answer — to be set wider apart at the 
toe than the heel. This shoe may have a clip at the toe. 

3. Another device is the invention of Geo. Fleming, 
an English Veterinary. For heavy draught, ''caukins" 
or toe-pieces are almost universally applied. Mr. Flem- 
ing attributes many of the sprains and injuries of horses 
to this practice, and has substituted therefor a shoe which 
admits the frog to rest squarely upon the ground, as it 
ever should, (being the sensitive part of the foot, by 
which the animal feels his way). This device changes or 
somewhat reverses the bevel of the foot-surface, making 
what is now concave in the shoe, flat, and the flat surface 
concave. This change, he testifies, he has found to give 
^' ample and extraordinary" security of tread. He also 
says (in this change), '^ we are only imitating Nature by 
copying the concavity of the sole." This shoe should 
conform as closely as possible to the natural shape of the 
fore feet, (for which, of course, all herein noticed have 
been constructed) ; be made rather full than oval, and 
the metal to increase moderately in thickness as it ap- 
proaches the heel, and terminating abruptly with a short 
catch. 



14 GENERAL TREATMENT. 

Handling and Training Colts. — i. A colt should 
be given such food as will develop him into a muscular and 
healthy horse, and without stint ; never allowed to follow 
the dam on the road, compelling her to do double duty, 
— an injurious drain upon her and loss to her foal. 2. Let 
the colt be familiarized early with all its surroundings — 
not turned out in the woods or a corn-field, but keep 
him near at hand, and gently approach and pat him occa- 
sionally, speaking kindly; occasionally halter or bridle 
him, and let him stand awhile ; next apply the sursingle, 
and let him feel the reins. Thus, by slow gradations, he 
will become accustomed to this proper ''handling," and 
easily be made obedient to your will. 3, In training him 
do not at the outset be over-anxious to test his speed or 
power ; in walking him do not too hurriedly bring him to 
a trot, and when trotting, keep him moderately to it, and 
never allow him to go off and on by jerks. We see evi- 
dences of this bad training every day. 4. Keep the lines 
ahvays moderately taut and steady, and never let them 
do the part of the whip. 

General Treatment. — -In any common disorder or 
well known affection, (in shorty at almost any time,) after 
a physic is administered, the horse should have gentle ex- 
ercise, if not too disabled, for a quarter to half an hour, 
to incite an operation ; and when it takes place, the beast 
should be returned to his stall, (or, if left stabled,) be 
allowed to remain quietly therein. Now, give him a little 
first quality hay, and to three quarts of warm water add 
four drams spirits nitre : this give, and repeat three times 
a day. If the horse purges too frequently or overmuch, 
then take three drams of laudanum, half an ounce of nitre, 
three ounces white flour or oatmeal, and one pint of warm 
water : put in a large bottle, for a drench. Avoid giving 
cold water to an animal while sick and under treatment 
for internal complaints. It is advisable that medicines be 
administered in the mornings, as a general rule, and on 
an empty stomach. While being restored to a healthy 
condition, feed on good, clean hay, with addition of 
messes of corn -meal and scalded oats and bran. 



VSE OF INSTRUMENTS. 15 

USES OP SBTONS AND ROWELS. 

In cases where it appears necessary to cause a discharge of mat- 
ter from an affected part, and to induce irritation, Kowels or Setona 
are to be used. Setons afford great assistance in the cure of Spa- 
yiu, Splints, Strains, and Chronic Tumors. Whenever either are 
used for relieving inflammation, and the affected part is accompanied 
with fever, it should be dressed with No. 21 instead of 18. 

CAUTION. — When the part is swollen, abstain from use of the 
Rowel. 

BLISTERING AND FIRING. 

In cases of Ringbone, Splint and Spavin, Blistering and Firing 
are resorted to as remedial agents. Blistering is simple in its appli- 
cation, slower and milder in effect than firing, but requires judgment 
as to time of suspension of application. Firing is done by applying 
a red-hot iron to the surface, very gently and quickly, so as not to 
penetrate beneath the skin. This excites a healing reaction in the 
part by causing sudden inflammation which energises the natural 
fluids to restorative action, insomuch that even bony and callous 
protuberances are occasionally removed. Before the iron is used, 
the hair should be cut from the part as closely as possible ; and 
after the operation is over, the part fired should be rubbed wiih 
some blistering ointment, and the horse put into a loose box with a 
cradle on his neck. After four days, apply a little oil, and Avhen 
the incrustation formed by the blister is sufficiently softened, wash 
off with warm water and soap ; and if necessary, the blistering may 
be repeated in two weeks. 

Firing is used to cure Spavins, Curbs, Ringbones, Windgalls, and 
old callous swellings of the back sinews— the consequence of strains. 
It is also sometimes employed to strengthen the hocks and back 
sinews of colts, to prevent strains and breaking down : This it does 
by thickening and contracting the skin, so as to act as a permanent 
bandage. 

CAUTION.— Firing will do harm when the part is in a fevered 
or inflamed condition, or where local tenderness exists. In such 
cases the inflammation must first be subdued, by the application of 
bandages saturated with diluted vinegar (or, spring water) in which 
a little sugar of lead is dissolved. 



1« USE OF INSTRUMENTS. 

POULTICES AND FOMENTATIONS. 

When a poultice is applied to a part, it should be faced with sweet 
oil or lard. If suffered to get dry, and thus remain on a sore part, 
it is hurtful and irritating:. In fomenting a part, keep it always 
covered ; and when finished, dry it well, or evaporation will do more 
harm than the fomentation may do good. 

BLEEDING. 

Blood-letting should not he resorted to by an unpractised or un- 
instructed operator, nor until other restoratives have been found 
too slow in healing or relieving — except in sudden and extreme 
emergencies; when such cases occur, or when otherwise indicated, 
the following instructions in practice will be found available. 

Noting the Pulse. — The proper place to do this is on the cor- 
ner of the lower jaw bone. It is moderate and soft in action when 
the animal is in health — beats about 43 in a minute ; but in cases of 
fever and inflammation, it wiU rise to a higher number of beats ; 
while a lower and weaker pulse accompanies debility. A quick, 
small, irregular pulse attends fever generally. In cases of inflam- 
mation the pulse is quickened and beats hard, in proportion to the 
severity of the affliction. 

The act of Bleeoing is performed on different parts of the body. 
In HORSES, sometimes the jugular vein is lanced ; at other, the su- 
perficial veins, and sometimes a thigh vein and the eye-blade ; and 
frequently in the mouth, etc. The proper place to bleed in the neck 
is about four inches from the angle of the jaw, from a prominent 
vein, from which the blood can be very readily and quickly drawn, 
the flow of blood easily arrested, and the puncture easily compressed 
and bandaged. The lancet should be kept clean as well as keen, 
and should be dexterously struck with a bleeding-gavel, or a short, 
solid bat ; and great care should be exercised not to apply too great 
force, (and yet sufficient to avoid bungling,) and thus wound the 
inside of the vein, which would tend to cause inflammation. 

In bleeding (a horse), one or two quarts of blood, taken speedily, 
will do more good and produce better results than a greater quan- 
tity with a slow flow of the blood. In closing the incision, be parti- 
cular not to displace the natural lay of the part, by overlapping or 
crimping up the lips of the cut — so that it may close up properly 
and speedily. Carelessness in this regard may cause serious in- 
flammation. 



USE OF INSTRUMENTS. 17 

Young horses should never be bled while shedding their teeth, to 
relieve fever ; and never bleed any horse without you know what 
quantity of blood to take— which is indicated by the pulsation or 
the symptoms of disease or suffering. But from 2, 2y, to 3>^ quarts 
is within the usual margin, and ordinarily sufficient. 

CATTLE are generally bled in the neck, but also in other places, 
as indicated by the nature of the disease or other circumstances. 

SHEEP are bled over the eye, or on the tail. 

DOGS are generally bled in the neck, according to the disease or 
symptoms. When they are 6 or 8 months old, they are usually sub- 
ject to sickness or a distemper. Care as to cleanliness, and feeding 
on low diet— corn-meal stirred in milk, with a little meat added— 
will usually carry them lightly through this period of disorder. 



Earth as a Disinfectaxt.— Some surgeons maintain that there 
exists a close resemblance in some forms of disease in man and 
horse ; among these may be classed cutaneous eruptions, and as the 
absorbent and healing properties of pure loam, or powdered clay, 
has been successfully demonstrated in hospital practice, it may 
come into use in the stable as a universal healing agent for stubborn 
sores. 

Hoofs of Colts.— It frequently happens with colts and young 
horses, that the horn at the toe grows too rapidly and protrudes too 
far. This should be closely watched for in the colt, not only for his 
improvement, but to secure from bad injury— the breaking off of 
the toe up to the quick. When the toe is too long, the strain on the 
fetlock joint is greatly increased, and permanent injury to the sus- 
pensary ligament of the foot may result. Keep them neatly pared 
down and well shaped. 

The structure of the fore and hind hoofs of the horse are not 
similarly adjusted ; the bone of the fore foot rests backward into 
its socket, while that of the hind foot extends close to the front of 
the horn. The feet of horses should be kept pared and shod in 
conformity with their anatomical construction. 



18 TREATMENT. 

SPECIAL ADVICE. 

Among tlie more virulent and stubborn forms of external cTiseases 
are those which are seated on the inside of the hoof, and those on 
the frog, or in the tendons ; and most of this class will first appear 
as soft gristle, and indent on slight pressure ; if left neglected, they 
afterwards ulcerate, and then become hard and bony, as in Spavin 
and Thrush ; or as Canker,, (which is a fungus excrescence on the 
foot); or as Crownscab (which is- a cancerous sore or pustule on the 
angle of the hoof) . Most of these begin at first as in "VVindgalls (a 
soft tumor on joint of fetlock), and finally end as in Splints, (a 
callous substance or indurated swelling on shank bone) ; or as in 
Fistula, (which is a long, sinuous ulcer, and communicating with 
a larger cavity having a small external opening) . 

All of this class of affections belong to such as are most unyield- 
ing, slow of cure, requiring rest for the animal, and patient waiting- 
upon with close attendance, being more or less slow and stubborn^, 
or difficult to conquer or relieve > 

In Treatment, it is essential to keep all wounds well cleansed^ 
but with as little water as possible— especially in some bad cases. — 
In simpler cases use No. 19 ; when new matter forms, use No. 18 ; 
if proud flesh appears, apply a little sulphate of copper, commonly 
called blue-stone or blue vitriol, (which may be had at any drug 
store) . If mortification supervenes give strong stimulants and tonics, 
and cauterize or apply lunar caustic to the edges of the sore. If an 
abscess forms, lance, and dress with No. 18. 

While under treatment for external diseases which confine the 
animal to the stable, a moderate physicking will assist the digestion, 
maintain in the bowels a healthy action, and aid greatly in ad- 
vancing a cure and restoring an animal to usefulness. 



EXTERXAL AFFECTIONS. 19 



1. External Diseases, viz r 

Hidebound. — In the Horse, i. Causes. Bad care and 
poor keep ; internal disease. 

2. Symptoms. Skin firmly adhering to the body. 

In Cattle the symptoms are the same as in the horse. 

3. Treatment. In Horses, good grooming and diet; 

dose with No. i, and every morning after with No. 

4. Clothe the body so as to keep the horse warm. 
In Cattle, keep warm by covering, give No. 2, and 

apply 27 or 29. Short pasture best. 
Dogs. Give Nos. 3 & 17. Restrict to vegetable diet 

and give exercise. 

Surfeit, or Scab. — In Horses, i. Bad keep, chill, foul 
feeding. 

2. Staring coat; pimples or scabs on the skin. 
Cattle. Small sores on back and sides, itching. 
Dogs. Small eruptions on belly and thighs. 

3. In Horses, give No i, and two days thereafter begin 

No. 9. 

Apply 20, and keep cool and uncovered. 
Cattle. Give No 2, wash with soap and water and 

apply 20 ; nourishing diet. 
Dogs. Give 3 & 17, apply 20, and muzzle the dog. 

Mange & Lice. — Horses, i. Poverty of blood, filth, 
contagion. 

2. Skin thick and wrinkled, itching and rubbing, yel- 

low discharge ; insects often visible. 
Cattle. Skin rough, wrinkled and bare, great itching. 
Dogs. Skin red and cracked : discharge, scabs. 

3. In Horses, poultice and apply No 27 hot ; rub affect- 

ed part with salve composed of one part strong 
mercurial ointment and two parts sulphur oint- 
ment. Keep animal clean, give gentle physic, 
followed by good diet. 
Cattle. Pierce tumors, if large enough, with a hot 
wire. 



20 EXTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 

Sitfasts, OR Warbles. — In Horses, i. Bruise of saddle ; 
sting of a fly. 

2. Dark colored scabs on back, hard and sore. 
Cattle. Small round tumors on the back. 

3. Horse. Remove the scab and apply No. 22 : give i. 

Angleberries. Warts. — Horses, i. Foulness of habit, 
constitutional liability. 

2. Red or black lumps without hair. 
Cattle, as in horses. 

Dogs. Red tumors inside the legs. 

3. Horses. Apply caustic (nitrate of silver) and remove 

by ligature or knife, and until healed wash with 29. 
Cattle. Same treatment. 
Dogs. Same treatment ; give 17. 

Farcy. — In Horses, i. Inoculation from glanders, and 
debility. 

2. Horses. Knotty tumors on body and inside the 

legs ; they break and leave small sores. 
In Dogs the same. 

3. Cauterize the farcy buds with nitrate of silver or with 

blue vitriol ; dress with carbolic salve or No. 31. If 
if proud flesh arises, wash with No. 29, and when 
dry apply carbolic salve. Give gentle physic, fol- 
lowed by generous diet. If mortification ensues 
use strong stimulants and tonics. 

Fistula & Poll Evil. — Horses, i. Tight reining: blows 
and bruises. 

2. Tumor or sweUing, sanious (thin bloody) discharge, 

and pipes on poll or withers, 

3. Horses. Apply seton at back of neck, or blister, 

and give physic. 
Cattle. Same treatment. 
Dogs. Bleed, and apply No. 27. 

Strains. — Horses, i. Sudden slip; over-extension of 
ligaments or tendons. 

2. Part hot and tender; severe lameness. 

3. Setons, or firing and blistering. In less severe cases 

rub with No. 28 and gjve No. 10. 



EXTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 21 

Yellows, OR Udder-Ill. — Mares, i. Confinement, in- 
digestion, disease of liver. 

2. Swelling and pain in the udder. 

Cattle. Hard swelling of the udder, in whole or part. 

Dogs. Small kernels in the teats. 

3. Mares, Apply No. 26, and give i. Draw the milk. 
Cattle. Apply 26 or 28, give 2, draw milk and 

change diet. 
Dogs. Bleed, apply 27, or excise the tumors if long 
standing. 

Abscess of Udder. — Mares, i. Neglect of udder-ill; 
or blow or bruise. 

2. Discharge of matter from udder or teats. 
Cattle. Discharge of foul humors, and fungus. 
Dogs. Aggravated sores on teats. 

3. In the Mare, lance very deep, and treat as common 

abscess; bleed; give Nos. 13, i, & 8, with ex- 
ercise. 

Cattle. Foment, physic, and dress with No. 25 or 
29. Give 2, apply setons, bleed freely. 

Dogs. Give 5, with regular exercise. Treat for 
ulcer ; — seldom cured. 

Swelled Legs, Weed, Spall, or Quarter-Ill. — 
Horse, i. Debility, plethora, hard work; fever; 
or injury after foaling. 

2. Enlargement or swelling of one or both hind legs. 
Cattle. Great pain and swelling of one hind leg. 
Dogs. General enlargement of the legs. 

3. In the Horse, blister loins, or insert setons. Physic, 

and rest. 
Cattle. Give No. 4 or 6, nourishing diet, and clysters. 
Dogs. Give Nos. 3 and 5, pass setons over the loins. 

Stringhalt. — Horses, i. Exposure to cold and wet; 
nervous irritation. 

2. Peculiar catching up of hind leg, causing severe 

lameness. 

3. Setons, or firing and blistering. 



22^ EXTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 

Palsy, Paralysis. — Horse, i. Strain of back or loins, 
spinal pressure. Affection of the spinal cord 
or of the brain. 
• 2. Peculiar motion in hind legs, and loss of feeling, or 
of power. 
Cattle. Loss of power in the hind quarters. 
Dogs. Straggling gait behind, loss of power. 
Incurable generally. — Try blister over lower part of 
the spine ; use No. 4, or small dose of strychnine. 
If no benefit results, leave to nature or destroy the 
animal. 
Fractures. — Horse, i. Fall, kicks or severe blows. 

2. Inability to move Hmb, deformity ; sensitiveness to 

touch. 
Cattle. As in horses. 

3. Apply No. 27 or 28, bandage; give rest, physic or 

bleed, if requisite. 
In Dogs. Same. Chamomile fomentation and rest. 
In case of a dog, a broken limb may be put up in a 
starched bandage, which as it dries will hold the 
bones in place. 
Spavin. Curb. Thoroughpin. Capelet. — Horses. 
I. Over-working, strains, kicking. 

2. Lameness and enlargement about hock joint. 
Cattle. Heat, swelling, and great pain in the part. 
Dogs. Extreme lameness with great pain. 

3. Apply No. 23 and give 8. Firing and blistering. 

Keep injured parts well cleansed. 
Malanders. — Horses, i. Want of exercise; gross habit. 

2. Swelling or thickening of the back sinews. 

3. Horses. Blister, seton, or cut deeply through the 

swelled tissues. Bandage and wet with No. 27, or 
blister. 
Cattle. Puncture at lower part and bandage with 27. 

Splints. — Callous Tendons. Chronic Strains 

Horses, i. Hard work when young, old neglect- 
ed strains, with continued hard work. 

2. Bony enlargement below the knee. 

3. Tight bandages, wet with 27, or use blisters or firing. 



I 



EXTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 23 

Windgalls. — Horses, i. Hard work ; strains. 

2, Puffed swelling about fetlock joints. Foetid dis- 

charge from heels and fetlock ; grapes. 
Cattle. Puffy swelling about the legs. 

3. Wash clean, then dry and apply No. 29 ; and give 

I & 8. For Grapes, cut them off, apply fomenting 
poultice, and dress with Nos. 25, or 29 & 24. 
Cattle. Apply No. 29. Keep clean and dry. 

Heelcracks, Grease. — Horses, i. Cold, constitutional 
debility, confinement. Foul habit, want of ex- 
ercise. 

2. A scab and discharge from under the fetlock. 
Cattle. See Loo diseases of the feet. — Page 20. 

3. Poultice, physic, and apply No. 25 or 23 ; or 

carbolic salve. 

Crownscab. — In horses, i. A bruise from the opposite 
foot. Hard work, strain, high action. 

2. Swelling or wound above the hoof; lameness. 

3. Poultice, physic; and apply No 25 or 23. 

Tread or Tramp. — In horses, i. Foot-bruise or con- 
tusion ; high action. 

2. Lameness with bony enlargement around pastern. 

3. Bleed freely from feet and neck, poultice, and give 

Nos. I & 8. 

Ringbone. — In horses, i. Excessive exertion, sudden 
chill. 

2. Bony enlargement on heels, fore feet only. 

3. Firing and blistering. If chronic, put on high heeled 

shoe. Soothe nervousness. 

Ossified Cartilages. Side Bones. — Horses, i. Vio- 
lent exertion, sudden slip or wrench. 

2. Fever, great pain and lameness; goes on heel. 

3. Poultice or put a seton through the frog ; put on 

heeled shoe ; give rest and quiet treatment. 



U EXTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 

Inflamed Laminae. Founder. — Horses, i. Chronic 
strain, contraction, close confinement. 

2. Symptoms as in preceding. 

3. Treatment as in Ossified Cartilages. 

Strain of Coffin Joint. — Horses, i . Bad shoeing, hot 
stables, confinement. 

2. Shows more lameness in trotting than on a walk; 

foot hot. 

3. Treatment as in Ossified Cartilages. 

Navicular Disease. — Horses, i. Contraction, fixed sole 
and quarters, concussion. 

2. Lameness; goes on toes. Foot oblong, instead of 

round. 

3. Relieve frog pressure. Thin sole and quarters, and 

keep feet moist. Apply tips or spring shoes, and 
No. 24. 

Corns. — Horses, i. Brittleness of the hoof; hard trotting. 

2. Red spot in sole between the bars and crust; shows 

lameness. 

3. Rasp crust; apply No. 24, and bind tight with cords. 

Sandcrack. — Horses, i . Bruise in the foot ; neglected 
Thrush, filth, &c. 

2. A fissure or crack in the hoof downwards. 

Cattle. Clean foot well, and apply No. 29, and after 
it has dried. No. 25 or carbolic salve. 

3. Keep dry, and remove under-run horn. 

Canker, Loo, Footrot. — Horses, i. Contraction; un- 
due exercise. 

2. Ulceration of sensible sole or laminae. 

Cattle. Swelling and discharge from clefts of foot. 

3. Apply No. 4 or 25. Dress daily. 

Thrush. — Horses, i. Tramp, contusion of the coronet. 

2. Discharge from cleft of the frog. 

3. Remove the rotten horn, and apply No. 29 or 25. 
Cattle. Treat as in Sandcrack. 



EXTERJVAL AFFECTIOJVS, 25 

Quittor. — Horses, i. Lameness; pipes or sinuses in the 
foot. 

2. Cattle. Same as in Canker. 

3, Horses. Poultice, syringe with No. 29; dress with 

19, and bandage. 
Cattle. Poultice; apply tents with No. 19. 

Prick (in Shoeing Horses), i. A nail driven too close 
or too far, 

2. Lameness after shoeing; flinch from pressure. 
Cattle. An ulcer in the foot, with pipes. 

3. Horses. Draw the nail, and apply No. 19, or some 

tar and turpentine. 
Cattle. Treat as above for horses. 

Sore Feet in Dogs. — i . Wounds and long journeys, 

2, Fever-heat, pain. and lameness. 

3. Foment with No. 27, heated, and bandage. 



Note. — In the cases where the use of Carbolic Salve is indicated 
in this " Pocket Farrier," it may be mentioned that when Mr. 
Kohm's formulas Avere prepared, that valuable curative agent had 
not been introduced in practice. Of the properties of Carbolic Acid, 
Dr. Samuel Kneeland, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts 
and Sciences, bears this testimony : " The fungoid origin of most, if 
not all contagious epidemic and malignant diseases, affecting both 
men and animals, and frequently transmitted by animals to man, is 
generally accepted by physiologists. Earth, air and water teem 
with the germs of fungi, in the great part originating in human 
excreta, and gaining admission into the animal body through food, 
drink and breath. To prevent the vivifications of these germs in 
the living body, both in medicine and surgery, CARBOLIC ACID 
is the best substance yet discovered." 



26 INTERNA L A FFEC TIONS. 



2. Internal Diseases, viz : 

Fever (simple and symptomatic), & General Inflam- 
mation. — 'In the Horse, i. Causes. Cold or 
chill, high feeding, local irritation or pain. 

2. Symptoms. Lassitude, shivering; followed by quick 

pulse and breathing ; heat ; off feed. 
Cattle. As in horses. Horns hot, and alternate 

heat and cold upon the body. 
Dogs. Dullness, heat, great thirst, off feed. 

3. Treatment. Horse. Bleed, unless very weak. Give 

No. 10. 
Caltb. Bleed, give No. 2 ; hot mashes, with No. 9. 

Keep body warm. 
Dogs. Give No. 12 after No. 11 ; if the dog purges, 

No, 16; seton the poll. 

Common Cold, Catarrhal Fever or Distemper. — 
Horses, i. Sudden change of temperature, chill. 

2. Fever; followed by cough and nasal discharge of a 

brown color. 
Cattle. Cough and sneezing ; panting of breast. 
Dogs. Fever, discharge from nose and eyes, dry 

cough, great debility, sometimes fits. 

3. Horse. Steam the head. 

Cattle. Give strong hay or bran tea and tonics. 
Dogs. Give No. 3, and, if necessary, wash the eyes 
and nostrils with No. 30. 

Nervous Exhaustion, or Acute Inflammation. — In 
Horses, i. Plethora and over-exertion. 

2. Pulse and breathing greatly hurried ; lies flat, sweats. 
Cattle and Dogs. Great drooping and dullness. 

3. Horse. Copious bleeding and mild injections; avoid 

purging. 

Cattle. Give Nos. 2 & 14; apply fresh sheep skins. 

Dogs. Warm bath, nourishing food, and opium in- 
jections if the pain appears to be very great. 



INTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 27 

Tetanus, or Locked Jaw. — Horses, i. Nervous irrita- 
tion, local injuries, wounds, &c. 

2. Haw protrudes over the eye, jaws stiff, muscles rigid, 

nose poked out, tail quivers; the whole body- 
thrown into spasm. 
Cattle and Dogs. Symptoms as in horses. 

3. Horses. Find the cause. Give Nos. i & 14, blister 

along spine ; never bleed. 
Cattle and Dogs. Treat as for horses. 

Hydrophobia, or Madness. — Horses, i. Bite of mad 
dog or other rabid animal. 

2. Dullness, quickly succeeded by frantic madness. 
Cattle, as in horses. Tongue hangs out. 

Dogs. Restlessness, irritability, constant licking, 
fury, glaring eye, peculiar bark. 

3. NO CURE. Preventives — immediate excision, or 

applying strong caustics to the bitten part. 

Chronic Cough, Asthma, Broken Wind, Roaring. — 
Horses, i. Neglected cold, immoderate feeding, 
mouldy or dusty feed; sometimes too hard work. 

2. Dry cough, difficulty in breathing. 

Cattle. Cough ; with frothing at the mouth. 
Dogs. Painful cough and wheezing, particularly 
when lying or irritated. 

3. Horses. Nos. i & 9 or 7 ; regular and moderate 

diet and work. Ginger in bran mashes is often 

useful. 
Cattle. No. 2, and then No. 6, with bran mash diet. 
Dogs. No. II twice a week, and No. 17 or 12 ; low 

diet and exercise. 

Sore Throat, Quinsy. — Horses, i. Cold or chill, vio- 
lence in giving a ball. 

2. Difficulty in swallowing, cough. 

Cattle. Swelling of the throat, cough and fever. 
Dogs. Husky cough, refuses to feed, hot breath. 

3. Horses. Bleeding; cool air; give No. 10; apply 

Nos, 28 or 21. Blister the throat. 



28 INTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 

Inflammation of the Lungs, Pleura, or Chests — - 

Horses, i. Violent exertion, chill caused by 
neglect, such as leaving a warm horse unblan- 
KETED. — See "Blanketing Horses," page 5. 

2. Fever; horse stands wide before, heaves hard at 

flanks, never lies down. 
Cattle. Foam at mouth ; hard panting, great heat> 
Dogs. Laborious breathing, head elevated, thirst. 

3. Horses. Bleed copiously; No. 13 twice a day, blister 

sides; cool air; avoid purging. 

Cattle. Bleed ; give No. 2 or 9. Setons in thQ 
dewlap. Cool atmosphere. 

Dogs. Bleed freely; give 11, and injections if ne- 
cessary ; blister sides. 

Inflammation of Stomach, Stomach Staggers. — In 
Horses, i. Swallowing poisons, overloading 
stomach. - 

2. Great drowsiness, low pulse, head forced against 

manger or wall, costiveness. 
Cattle. Lethargy ; cow eats and swallows anything. 
Dogs. Constant retching and vomiting, thirst, fever. 

3. Horses. Bleed, give hnseed jelly clysters. No. i, and 

muzzle, foment belly, seton poll. 
Cattle. Repeated clysters, purgatives and cordialsv 
Dogs. Bleed ; blister the belly, and give linseed 

drinks and clysters. 

Inflammation of the Bowels, Red Colic. — Horses. 
1. Sudden change of diet and temperature;, 
giving t€^) strong physic. 

2. Fever,, gripe gradual and unremitting; horse never 

rolls ; sometimes great purging. 
Cattle. Great restlessness, frequent lying down and. 

rising ; costiveness. 
Dogs. Fever ; flinches on pressing the belly. 

3. Horses. Copious bleeding; No., 10, oily dysters 

or injections ; scald the belly, linseed drinks. 
Cattle. Bleed ; give No. 9 warm, and oil clysters^ 
Dogs. Bleed ; give No. 3, with. frecLUjent clysters. 






INTEBNAL AFFECTIONS. 29 



Flatulent Colic & Gripes, Hove & Swelling. — Horses. 
I. Indigestion, constipation, spasm, strangury. 

2. No fever; gripe sudden and remitting; horse rolls 

over; extreme pain, belly tense. 
Cattle. Restlessness and pain, abdomen swollen. 
Dogs. Very restive, constipation, vomiting. 

3, Horses. No. 6, warm oily injections ; exercise. 
Cattle. No. 6 ; pass probang, or puncture left flank. 
Dogs. Give No. 3 ; clysters with 30 or 40 drops of 

laudanum; hot bath. 

Diarrhoea, Looseness, Scouring, or Purging. — Horses. 
I. Hard riding, unwholesome diet, debility, 

2. Purges in small quantities at every movement, sick- 

ness and fever. 
Cattle. Stools very thin, low condition and weakness. 
Dogs. Continued purging, and consequent weakness. 

3. Horses. Give No. 15, or drench with a pint of warm 

ale containing a tea-spoonful of ginger and one of 
powdered catechu; keep body warm; astringent 
injections. 

Cattle. Give No. 15, or a drench as for horses. 

Dogs. No. 16, with starch clysters. 

Dysentery, or Molten Grease, Braxy. — In Horses. 
I. Irritation or inflammation of the bowels. 

2. Discharge of greasy matter or blood with the dung, 

costiveness, fever. 
Cattle. Fever, purging, discharges hot, foetid, frothy. 
Dogs. Stools foetid and bloody. 

3. Horses. Bleed, give castor oil, linseed jelly, and 

clysters ; avoid cordials or astringents. 
Cattle. Give No. 2, oily clysters, and warm drinks. 
Dogs. Starch clysters, and treat as Distemper. 

Constipation, Costiveness. — Horses, i. Confinement, 
too httle water, dry feeding. 

2. Belly swelled, dung dry and hard. 
In Cattle and Dogs, as in horses. 

3. Horses. Mashes or green meat ; clysters, exercise. 
Cattle. No. 2 ; drenches of warm water, clysters. 
Dogs. No. 3, with exercise. 

c* 



so INTERNAL AFFECTIONS. 

Worms',- Bots Horses, i.. Unwfiolesome diet, bad 

water. — Bots are caused by eggs of horse flies^ 

2. Worms expelled, coat stares, eye dull and glazed, 

great appetite. 
Cattle. Cough, dry skin, off cud, eye dull. 
Dogs. Depraved appetite, staring coat, loss af liesh, 

worms expelled. 

3. Horse. No. 13 at night, No. i next morning, fasting. 
Cattle. Table-spoonful of turpentine and oil weekly. 
Dogs. No. 3, or No. 17, Change diet. 

Dropsy,, Water Farcy. — Horses, i. Chronic debility,, 
fevers. 

2. Rumbling bowels; legs, belly, &c. swelled, fever„ 

constipation.. 
Cattle. Great debility, sw^elling, internal pain and 

rumbling. 
Dogs. Belly much enlarged, emaciation, morbid 

thirst, mostly among young dogs. 

3. Horses. Lance swellings and apply No. 27; give 

No. 8 or 7 ; and purgatives if they can be borne ; 

nourishing diet. 
Cattle. Nourishing diet ; give 6 8z S; keep warm. 
Dogs. Puncture the belly; give Nos. 5 & 12, and 

nourishing diet,. 

Inflammation of Liver, Jaundice or Yellows. — In 
Horses, i. Immoderate feeding, obstruction of 
the liver, 

2, Membranes of nose and mouth yellow; pain, fever, 

costiveness. 
Cattle, As in horses; great pain and thirst, udder 

inflamed. 
Dogs. Dullness, eyes and ears yellow, constipation, 

fever. 

3. Horses, Bleed; give No, i and clysters; low diet. 
Cattle, Bleed; give No, 2, and after purging, No. 

6. (See Udder-Ill.) 
Dogs. No, II, next day No, 3; blister right side. 



INTERNAL AFFECTIONS, 31 

Inflammation of Kidneys, Red Water or Bloody 
Urine. — Horses, i. Strong diuretic medicines^ 
excessive ex.ertion, strain. 
2v Constant desire to stale, urine high color, fever, pain 
on the loins, thirst- 
Cattle. Great pain across loins, urine bloody;,, fever* 
In Dogs the same, with soreness between hmd legs 
and loins. 
3. Horses. Bleed; give Nos. i & 13; stimulate loins.. 
Cattle. Oive No. 2 ; drench with gruel ; bare pas- 

ture in fine weather. 
Dogs. Give No. 3, then No. i r, and injections of one 
ounce of glauber salts in half a pint of warm water. 

Strangury, or Suppression of Urine. — In Horses. 
I. Over-distension of bladder, pressure on its 
neck, calculus or stone in bladder. 

2. Frequent straining, little voided, gripes. 
Cattle. Swelling of flanks, and pain. 

3. Horses. Give No. i. Cold clysters. [Pass catheter : 

But this operation better be left to a Vet. Sur.] 
Cattle. Give No. 2 ; and cold injections. 

Diabetes, or Profuse Staling. — Horses, i. Giving 

too strong diuretics, bad hay.. 

2. Increased flow of urine, great debility.. 
Cattle. See Red Water (Inflam. of Kidneys). 

3. Horse. Give Nos. i & 14. Rest, tonics, and warm 

clothing. 

Inflammation of Brain, Meagriivis, Mad Staggers. — 
Horses, i. Confinement, high feeding, tight 
collar in harness. 

2. Drowsiness, eyes bloodshot, delirium. 
Cattle. Fierce look ; animal becomes furious. 
Dogs. See Hydrophobia, p. 27. Symptoms nearly 

the same. 

3. Horses. Copious bleeding, with physic. Give No. 

13. Low diet. Bhster back of neck. 
Cattle. Bleeding and strong purgatives; blister back 
of the neck. 



32 INTER J^AL AFFECTIONS. 

Inflammation of the Eye, Sore Eyes, Ophthalmia. 
In Horses, i . Plethora, hard work, cold ; ex- 
ternal injuries. 

2. Redness of eye-ball and inside of lids, weeping. 

These symptoms followed by white film on the eye. 
In Cattle and Dogs, the same as above. 

3. Horses. Bleed; give No. i, apply No. 30; hot 

fomentations. 
Cattle. Foment with hot water ; apply No. 30. 
Dogs. Physic ; foment ; apply No. 30 ; ^seton neck. 

Strangles. — Horses, i. Neglected cold, constitutional 
liabihty. 

2. Cough, sore throat, swelling and abscess under jaws. 

3. Horses. Blister throat; give Nos. 10 & 4; warm 

clothing, nourishing diet ; never bleed. 

Lampas, Sore Mouth. — Horses, i. Cutting of the 
teeth, indigestion. 

2. Off feed; swelling of roof of mouth or palate. 

3. Horses. Bleed in the mouth; give No. i, and soft 

meat. Inject into the mouth a little of No. 30, 
two or three times a day. 

Glanders. — Horses, i. Neglected cold or strangles, 
farcy, contagion. 

2. Nasal ulcers and foul discharge, hard lumps under 

jaws, no fever, ill condition. 

3. Horses. |^^ This disease is not cu.^able; and 

as the danger of contagion is very great, every 

animal affected with the disease should be destroyed 

as soon as it is ascertained. __^^ 
It is doubtful whether true Glanders ever attacks 

Cattle or Dogs. 
Cattle. Give No. 9; apply 28; clothe the body. 
Dogs. Give Nos. 3 & 5 ; seton in the throat. 



I 



FORMULARY. 33 

III. FORMULARY. 



No. 1. Physic Ball for Horses. 

Aloes from 6 to 10 drams, castile soap 2 drs., spirits of wine 1 dr., 
linseed oil, to form the ball. If mercurial phy&ic be wanted, add 
about 20 grains of calomel. 

No. 2. Physic for Cattle. 

Cape aloes 4 dr. to 1 oz., Epsom salts 4 to 6 oz., powdered ginarer 
3 drams. Mix and give in a quart of gruel. For Calves one-third 
of this will be a dose. 

No. 3. Physic for Dogs. 

Cape aloes V^ to one dr., calomel 2 to 3 grains, oil of caraway 6 
drops, syrup to make a ball. May be given every five hours till the 
Dog purges. 

No. 4. Astringent for Horses and Cattle. 

Sulphate of copper 2 to 4 drams, white sugar half an ounce. — 
Mix and divide into eight powders,, and give one or two daily in the 
animal 's feed . This is a good' astringent and tonic powder for many 
Conditions of Horses and Cattle. 

No. 5. Tonic Mixture. 

Gum myrrh 6 drams, gum benzoin 2 scruples, powdered chanrt- 
omile 2 drams, camphor 1 scruple ; honey sufficient to make six^ 
nine or twelve balls. Give one every night and morning. 

The best Mineral Tonic for a Dog is muriate tincture of iron^ 5 1© 
10 drops in water, two or three times a day. 

No. 6. Cordial for Horses and Cattle. 

Powdered opium 1 dram, ginger powdered 2 drams, allspice pow- 
dered 3 drams, caraway seed powdered 4 drams. Make into a ball 
with treacle, or give as a drench in gruel. 

For gripes and HOVE in Catti^, 

Add to the above a tea-cupful of spirits or oil ; or give 2 ounces 
of oil of turpentine, and repeat every two hours till the animal i* 
relieved. 



No. 7. Diuretic Ball. 



Hard soap and common horse turpentine, each 4 dranas^ oil ol" 
juniper 20 drops, powdered resin to form a ball. 



34 FORMULARY. 

For dropsy, WATER FARCY, BROKEN WIND or 
FEBRILE DISEASE, 
Add to No. 7, allspice and gino^er each 2 drams ; make four 
balls aud give one morning and evening. 

No. 8. Diuretic Powder. 

Powdered resin and nitre each 4 ounces ; mix and divide into 12 
parts ; give once or twice daily, as may be necessary. For Grease, 
Swelled Legs, ifcc. 

No. 9. Alterative, or Condition Powder. 

Eesin and nitre each 2 ounces, levigated antimony 1 ounce. Mix 
for eight or ten doses, and give one night and morning. When this 
is to be given to CATTLE, add glauber salts 1 lb. 

No. 10. Fever Ball. 

Cape aloes 2 ounces, nitre 4 ounces, treacle to form a mass. Di- 
vide into 12 balls, and give one morning and evening till the bowels 
are relaxed ; then give No, 9. 

No, 11. Vomit, or Emetic. 

Two to four grains of tartar emetic, in a meal ball, forms an ex- 
cellent emetic; or a tea-spoonful or two of dry mustard. 

No. 12. Distemper Powder. 

Antimonial powder 2, -3 or 4 grains, nitre 5, 10 or 15 grains, pow- 
dered ipecacuanha 2, 8 or 4 grains. Make into a ball, and give two 
or thi-ee times a day. If there is much cough, add from }4 to one 
grain of digitalis ; and every three or four days give No. 11. 

No. 13. Sedative Ball. 

Powdered white hellebore ^ dram, linseed powder }^ ounce. If 
necessary make into a ball with treacle. This ball is a specitic for 
Weed. Two ounces of oil of turpentine in half-pint of linseed oil 
is an effectual remedy for WORMS in HORSES and CATTLE. 

No. 14. Anodyne Ball. 

For locked JAW. 
Opium 1 dram, camphor 2 drams, ginger powder 1\^ dr., treacle 
to form a ball. Give night aud morning after the bowels are 
opened, in TETANUS or Locked Jaw. For Diarrhoea or Purging, 
20 grains of opium Avith 2 drams of powdered catechu, camphor and 
ginger as above, forms an excellent cure. 

No. 15. Cordial Astringent Drench. 

For DIARRHCEA, PURGING or SCOURING. 

Tincture of opium }4 ounce, allspice 2U drams, powdered cara- 
way ]4 ounce, catechu powder, 2 drams, strong ale or gruel 1 pint. 
Give everv morning till the purging ceases. 

For SHEEP this will make four doses. 



FORMULARY. 35 

No. 16. Astringent for Dogs. 

Powdered catechu 1 dram, prepared chalk 2 drams, opium 6 
grains. Mix and divide into 12 powders; one to be 2:ivcn every 
three hours in boiled flour or milk. For DIARRHCEA or Purgii^g. 

No. 17. Alterative for Dogs. 

Ethiops mineral }4 ounce, cream of tartar 1 ounce, nitre 2 drams. 
Divide into 16, 20 or 2-t doses, and give one night and morning, in 
all CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 

No. 18. Digestive, or Issue Ointment. 

Equal parts of common turpentine and hog's lai-d melted to- 
gether. 

No. 19. Oil for Wounds. 

Oil of thyme V, ounce, neat's- foot oil 1 pint. Mix, and add by 
degrees, oil of vitriol fi drams, stirring till well mixed ; then bottle 
it for use. For WOUND > IN THE FEET, and all Foul SORES. 

Caution. — Add acid (oil of vitriol) very slowly. 

No. 20. Mange Ointment. 

PoAvdered aloes 2 dram.s, white hellebore -i drams, .'^ulphur 4 dz., 
lard 6 ounces. For the HED MANOE IN DO(;S, add 1 ounce of 
mercurial ointment, and muzzle the Dog. By a thorough drcfsing 
with this Ointment, Alex. F^ohm, V. S.,says he has cured many bad 
cases of Mange. Give sulphur in milk, with low diet. 

Noa 21. Blister Ointment. 

H02:":- lard 4 ounces, oil of turpentine and Spanish flies each 1 oz. 
Mix."" This blister is strong enough for every purpose. 
For DOGS, omit the turpentine. 

No. 22. Powder for Angleberries. 

After cutting them off, or when they exist in clusters, sprinkle 
theiu daily with equal parts of muriate of ammonia, povvdered savin, 
and burnt alum. 

No. 23. Ointment for Malanders. 

Mercurial ointment 1 ounce, sulphate of zinc 1 dram. Mix and 
apply daily, after washing and drying the part. 

No. 24. Tar or Hoof Ointment. 

Tar and tallow each, one pound, common turpentine impound; 
melt together. 
For Dressing FEET, Cracked Heels, &c., linseed oil and wax. 



jae FORMULARY. 

No. 25. Astringent Ointment. 

Tar 4 ounces, spirit of salt and verdisrris each 1 ounce. Mix. For 
THRUSH, GREASE, GRAPES, CANKER, and LOO, in Cattle. 
For LOO, No. 19 is a specific. 

No. 26. Ointment for Swollen Udder. 

Marshmallow ointment four ounces, olive oil 1 ounce, oil of origa- 
num 2 drams, camphor 2 drams. Mix. To be firmly rubbed on the 
affected part twice a day, after drawing the milk. 

No. 27. Lotion for Strains, Tumors, &;c. 

Nitre and muriate of ammonia, each 1 ounce. Dissolve in a quart 
of hot water, and add two quarts of vinegar, with half a pint of 
alcohol. 

No. 28. Embrocation for Strains, &o. 

Olive oil 6 oimces, aqua ammonia (hartshorne) 2 ounces, oil of 
turpentine 1 ounce, oil of ori2,anum 2 drams. Shake the bottle 
well before beinc; used, and rub the part with it twice a day, till it 
becomes hot and tender. Let the animal have rest. 

No- 29. Mixture or Wash for Grease, 

ULCERS, AND ALL FOUL SORES. 

Sulphate of zinc 1 ounce, corrosive sublimate 1 dram, spirit of 
salt 4 drams, water 1 pint. Mix. 

2. Sulphate of zinc 1 dram, tincture of opium 1 dram, water 3^ 
pint. Mix slowly. 



No. 30. Eye Lotion. 



Sulphate of zinc 1 dram, water 1 pint, tincture of opium 1 dram. 
Mix and apply two or three times daily. 

For DOGS, take infusion of green tea 3 ounces, tincture of opium 
1^ dram, sugar of lead 2 drams, vitriol water }4 dram. 

No. 31. Carbolic Salve. 

Dissolve together over the fire, 2 ounces of resin, 4 of beeswax, 
and 8 ounces of lard ; stir well as the salve begins to cool, and add 
y, ounce of carbolic acid, mixing thoroughly. This is an invaluable 
dressing for all foul sores. 



^ . ^ :..= - 

W. E. WALKER & CO., 

47 Mill Street, Bristol, Pa., 

HARDWARE, 

Bar, Hoop, and Tire Iron, 

Gas Pipe and Fittings, House Furnishing Goods, 

at Philadelphia prices for Cash. 



^ 



JAMES LYNDALL, 
House and Sign Painter, and Grainer, 

GRAINING in Imitation of Oak, Walnut, &c. 

Calsomining, Wall Painting, &c. 

Having facilities for operating in the country, will attend to orders 
from the adjoining townships, and guarantee satisfaction. 
Residence — Locust Street. Shop — Rear of Bostwick's 
Picture Gallery, Bristol. 

P. O. Box 84. 



OLD ESTABLISED 

LUMBER AND COAL YARDS. 



HENRY M. WRIGHT, 

No. 25 Bath Street, Bristol, Pa., 

Keeps always on hand a full and well seasoned supply of 

LUMB ER 

of grades and qualities adapted to all kinds of purposes. 

CORD WOOD ; also Wood cut ready for use. 

COAL 

carefully picked and screened, and kept under cover. 

Brick and Bar Sand, Chimney Tops, Calcined Plaster and > 
Cement; Lime, Hair, &c. 

All intending to purchase are invited to inspect my stock, and 
sa^-isfy themselves as to quality and prices before buying" elsewhere. 

H. M. WRIGHT, 

Bath Street, Bristol. 



n 



WILSON EANDAIJ., 

CAREIAGE BUILDER, 

Bath Street, Bristol, Pa. 



CARRIAGES on hand and made to order. All work 
irranted. 



R E P xV I R I N G of all kinds neatly and promptly at- 
^' tended to. 



"" Old Carriages taken iu exchanire for new ones. Call and 



ATTLEBORO' HOUSE, 
J. K. HARDING, Proprietor. 

•FIRST CL.ASS HOUSE, held by present incumbent for 12 years. 

This House, in order to meet the increased demand 

for public accommodation, 

was largely improved in 1872, 

; is now one of the most popular houses of entertain- 
ment, where may be enjoyed all the comforts 
of home living ; and, as a hotel, 
it is the most important in the lower end of 
BQCKS COUNTY. 



)U 



PIIOTOGKAPIIS 

IN EVERY STYLE 

TAKEN AT 

J. H. BOSTWIOK'S GALLESY, : 

Cor. Mill and Pond Sts,, Bristol. | 

'iinieular attention given to copyino- old pictures, and finishing- 1| 
Color or India Ink. Life Size Heads also finished in Cra3Tm 
1 Color. STEREOSCOPIC- INSTRUMENTS and Pictures 
<ale. Also, Looking-Gl asses, Ghroinos, <fec. 



'X 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

I mill nil! Hill mil mil mil mil mil III! iiiiiiiin 



X 



... .- HOGUE' llillfil 

D R U G S 1 ^^il«i5,^«9 1 

(established in 1844.) 

Nos. 13 & 15 Mill (Main) St., Bristol. 

Constantly on hand a large stock of 

FIRST CLASS DRUGS, MEDICINES, 

Chemicals, Patent Medicines, Paints, Oils, Glass, 

PUTTY, VARNISHES, DYESTUFFS, 

Perfumery, Toilet Articles, &c., &c., 

which will be sold at low prices. 

N. B. — None but genuine articles kept for sale. 
Physicians' prescriptions accurately compounded. 

L. A. HOGUET, 
Drugrg-ist and Pharmacist. 



DR. PURSELL'S 

DRUG STORE. 



One of the largest and most varied Stocks 

IN THE COUNTY. 



S. W. cor. of Mill and Cedar Streets, Bristol, Pa. 



CHAKLES C. DOUGLASS, 

MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN 

TINWARE, STOYES, &C., 

No. 61 Mill Street, Bristol. 

This Store and Manufactory will always be found well stocked 
with every variety of Ware belonging to the trade ; quality and 
manufacture first class, and sales made at lowest figures, and none 
other asked. 

Also, kept on hand and ordered as wanted, assortments of latest 
and most approved STOVES for cooking as well as for comfort. 

l^^ ROOFING and Jobbing done promptly, and on reasonable 
terms. C. C. DOUGLASS. 



5K 



